LCN2 and medical procedure: In the present study, urine NGAL levels were higher at 24 h but not at 3 h post-IR similar to the findings by Wunnapuk et al. [48] who observed increased levels of NGAL at 24–48 h, but not earlier, in their herbicide MPCA (4-chloro-2-methylphenoxyacetic acid) induced kidney injury model.