It has also been shown that when IL-23p19-deficient (IL-12 intact, IL-23 deficient) and IL-12p40 (IL- 12 and IL-23 deficient) mice are protected from the induction of experimental autoimmune anti- GBM but IL-12p35-deficient (IL-12 deficient, IL- 23 intact) mice are not (46). This evidence concerns the gene IL23A and glioblastoma.