In Individuals (n = 22) with severe IGF-1 deficiency due to mutation in the GHR gene, cancer was not a cause of death in any of the subjects, yet it accounted for 20% of cancer deaths in non-affected relatives (58), furthermore they exhibited no cases of diabetes, compared to the Ecuadorian normal 5% level in control relatives. Here, GHR is linked to growth delay due to insulin-like growth factor type 1 deficiency.