A second and intriguing observation is the presence of ClC-1 in subcortical structures, such as the basal ganglia, subthalamus, and cerebellar Purkinje cell layer, which raises the possibility that dysfunction of brain ClC-1 might contribute, in some individuals carrying ClC-1mutations, to the dystonia phenotype which has previously been regarded as being exclusively of muscular origin. Here, CLCN1 is linked to Dystonia.