After adjusting for age, gender, BMI, history of hypertension and dyslipidemia, smoking, HbA1c, estimated glomerular filtration rate, total/HDL cholesterol ratio, hsCRP and statin use, relative intensity of apoA-I glycation correlated positively, while HDL-associated PON1 and PON3 activities negatively, with extent index and CCSS, respectively (all P < 0.001) (Table 2). Here, PON1 is linked to metabolic syndrome.