ATP1A1 and secondary hypertension: For instance, they identified highly differentiated variants within genes involved in osmoregulation (ATP1A1 and AQP2), deregulation of AQP2 expression, and loss-of-function mutations in ATP1A1 have been associated with essential and secondary hypertension, respectively.42,43 The study also established an efficient genotype array design capturing common genetic variation in Africa, which would be useful for future African genomic studies.11,12