CCL5 and acute myeloid leukemia: For example, upon stimulation by acute myelocytic leukemia (AML) cell lines, a CD3+CD56+ subset of CIK cells highly express various immune function-related genes such as IFN-γ, TNF-α, the cytokine receptor genes IL-7R and IL-12Rβ2, the chemokine and chemokine receptor genes C-C chemokine ligand (CCL)4, CCL5, chemokine (C-X-C motif) receptor (CXCR)3, and CCR1, and the genes encoding granzyme B and caspase-1 [24].