TLR3 and infection: To gain more insight about this PML-innate immunity related antiviral response, the level of mRNAs of IFN pathway associated genes (TLR3, RIG-I, TRAF6, IFN-β, IL-6 and PML) was quantified in the DENV-2 infected A549 cell cultures at 24 h p.i. As control, UV-inactivated DENV-2 was used for infection, and in parallel, DENV-2 infected A549 cells were treated with an inhibitor of the Janus kinase/signal transducers and activators of transcription (JAK/STAT) pathway to restrict IFN-I signaling.