As noted above, a recent effort to restore p53 in K-Ras-activated mouse tumors failed to eliminate adenoma: p53 restoration killed only malignant adenocarcinomas, leaving adenomas untouched.13, 14 However, the recent findings that RUNX3 is inactivated in most AAHs in human, and that Runx3 inactivation in mice induces lung adenoma, implies that RUNX3-targeted therapies could be a means to eradicate adenomas. Here, RUNX3 is linked to adenocarcinoma.