MMP9 and neoplasm: Chronic UC andMMP9 expression in UC are risk factors for the development of colorectal carcinoma (CRC) [15, 31–33], and although the exact path from chronic inflammation to dysplasia to neoplasm is not clear, the involvement of MMP9 in processes that enable the establishment and propagation of both of these diseases [1, 6, 7, 34, 35] suggests that it may play a role in the progression of UC to cancer.