CD4 and AIDS: Okulicz et al. reported that in a cohort of HIV-infected US military health system beneficiaries, individuals who were treated within 12 months of their estimated sero-conversion date had better CD4 recovery, lower risk for acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), and better response to hepatitis B vaccine, versus those treated after 12 months.[33] Providing a mechanism for higher risk individuals to self-identify (e.g. on an annual health assessment) would allow for targeted education and more frequent testing as indicated.