Interestingly, the expression of ROCK1 in left atrial myocytes of the MR AF patients was significantly higher than that of the MR sinus patients (2033899.5 ± 172865.3 vs. 1514957.0 ± 231591.3, p = 0.041) (Figs. 4 and 8). This evidence concerns the gene ROCK1 and atrial fibrillation.