Interestingly in the condition ‘Tetralogy of fallot’ this remodelling of Cx43 protein fails to occur, and this failure has been associated with an increased risk of arrhythmias highlighting how the distribution of Cx43 is an important factor in determining susceptibility to arrhythmias (Kołcz et al., 2005). This evidence concerns the gene GJA1 and cardiac arrhythmia.