In the lupus-prone (NZX × NZW)F1 (NZB/NZW) mice model, infiltration of CD3+ T cells and increased mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory mediators such as IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, interferon (IFN)-γ and transforming growth factor β have been shown in the hippocampi ex vivo [95]. The gene discussed is IFNG; the disease is systemic lupus erythematosus.