Blockade of TGF-β1 by neutralizing antibodies or gene silencing, decorin have demonstrated to reduce ECM production and ameliorate renal fibrosis in both in vitro and in vivo studies (Border and Noble, 1998), whereas overexpression of TGF-β1 in mouse liver develop progressive liver and renal fibrosis (Sanderson et al., 1995; Kopp et al., 1996). The gene discussed is DCN; the disease is renal fibrosis.