TNF and infection: Yet, the effector CD4+ and CD8+ T cells generated post-challenge infection were poly-functional as was evidenced by 1.8-4-fold increase in IFNγ- and/or TNFα- producing CD4+T cells (compare Fig 9C with Fig 7C, p<0.01) and up to 2-fold increase in type 1 cytokine-producing CD8+T cells of cytolytic phenotype (compare Fig 9D, 9F, and 9G with Fig 7D, 7F, and 7G, p<0.01).