Cardiomyocyte apoptosis, involving cytochrome c and caspase activation, is a crucial event in HF development in general and after DOX injury.46, 60, 61 Importantly, high miR-30 levels are protective against DOX insult while inhibition of miR-30 is sufficient to increase caspase-mediated apoptosis (Figure 5a). The gene discussed is CYCS; the disease is hydrops fetalis.