VEGFA and glioblastoma: Currently, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) signaling, the epidermal growth factor (EGF) family, the SRC family, platelet-derived growth factor receptorand integrins are being investigated as potential molecular therapeutic targets for GBM treatment.14, 15, 16 As increase in phospho-EGFR was observed in fluphenazine-treated GBM8401 cells (Supplementary Information, Supplementary Figure S4), thioridazine instead of fluphenazine was used for the following experiments.