PPP3R1 and cancer: In fact, this function of CnB has been utilized as the basis for a novel adjuvant for both cancer vaccine16 and the Engerix-B HBV vaccine.17 Additionally, we have reported that CnB can also interact with integrin αM and induce TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) expression in macrophages.18,19 Furthermore, intraperitoneal injection of CnB protein can prolong the survival of mice bearing H22 ascitic tumors and inhibit the growth of S180 sarcomas in mice.20