INS and Insulin resistance: The effects of α-mangostin on changes of physiological and biochemical parameters including mean arterial blood pressure (MAP), plasma glycated hemoglobin (HbA1C), serum insulin (S. insulin), homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), blood cholesterol (CHOL), and triglyceride (TG) in four groups of rats were summarized in Table 1.