TTBK1/TTBK2 was found to colocalize with phospho-TDP-43 in the frontal cortex of FTLD-TDP patients and in the spinal cord of ALS patients, suggesting that phosphorylation of TDP-43 by both TTBK1 and TTBK2 likely plays a role in progression of these diseases. The gene discussed is TTBK1; the disease is amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.