Human colonic epithelium was shown to produce increased amounts of MMP-1, -3, -7, -9, -10, and -12 in IBD patients [16] and mucosal biopsies from UC patients identified vascular endothelial cells and infiltrating leukocytes as the major sources of MMP-7 and -13 [17]. The gene discussed is MMP1; the disease is inflammatory bowel disease.