This study showed that H. pylori infection in children resulted in mRNA up-regulation of IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α, IFN-γ, and CD163 and unchanged expression of MyD88, TLR2, and TLR4 mRNA in the gastric mucosa. H. pylori cagA(+) infection was connected with an upregulation of IL-10 and IL-6 mRNA expression. The gene discussed is TNF; the disease is infection.