Enhanced CXCL9, CXCL10, CXCL11, CX3CL1, and CX3CR1 gene and protein levels are likely involved in the CD8+ T cell infiltration [16, 33, 36] in the intraepithelial compartment and lamina propria of both CC and LC patients previously reported by us [9, 13]. This evidence concerns the gene CX3CL1 and laryngotracheoesophageal cleft.