Given that we recently reported that bilirubin plays arole in adjusting STAT function and defining the IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-β profiles duringHAV infection (Castro-Garcia et al. 2014), we wondered whether the patients with similarconcentrations of IL-17E and IL-17F in the different study groups would have similarvalues of CB and whether CB can thus play a role in the differential secretion ofTh17-related cytokines during HAV infection. The gene discussed is IL17F; the disease is infection.