TLR4 and chronic atrophic gastritis: Hold and coworkers reported that the TLR4+896A>G polymorphism was associated with risk of gastric cancer and its precursors [78]. TLR4+896G carriers had an 11-fold (95% confidence interval [CI], 2.5–48) increased odds ratio (OR) for hypochlorhydria and also had significantly more severe gastric atrophy and inflammation.