CALB1 and Alzheimer disease: In the initial report, treatment with levetiracetam was described as strongly reducing epileptiform discharges (single spikes), ameliorating memory impairments and reversing markers of hyperexcitability, including calbindin D28 and neuropeptide Y. The same drug was recently shown to improve select hippocampal function in human subjects diagnosed with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) [9], suggesting a potential therapeutic benefit of levetiracetam in aMCI and possibly AD.