RAF1 and non-small cell lung carcinoma: In addition to RAS/RAF, mTOR/PI3K and PDL1, other frequently co-activated pathways involving PDL1 are as follows [Supplemental Table 8]: (i) angiogenesis, RAS/RAF and PDL1 (20% NSCLC); (ii) PDL1, mTOR/PI3K and DNA Repair (19%); (iii) Ras/Raf, Met and PDL1 (18%); (iv) PDL1, mTor/PI3K and CDK4,6 (17%) and (v) PDL1, mTOR/PI3K, angiogenesis (17%).