We found that 24 hours before AKI occurrence, the AKI sepsis patients had significantly increased plasma and urine NGAL (Figure 4A and B), Cys-C (Figure 4C and D), and sTREM-1 (Figure 4E and F) levels (P <0.01 for all) compared with the non-AKI sepsis patients. This evidence concerns the gene LCN2 and acute kidney injury.