CAV1 and prostate cancer: PC3 is a metastatic prostate cancer cell line that expresses abundant levels of tyrosine phosphorylated Cav1 (pCav1) but lacks cell surface caveolae due to the absence of polymerase 1 and transcript release factor (PTRF)/cavin-1, required together with Cav1 for caveolae formation [7, 9–11].