The evaluation of relative transcript levels with respect to 18S rRNA in a sample size of 15 prostate cancer and 15 BPH patients revealed a significantly lower expression of hMLH1 (62%; P value<0.01), hMSH6 (85%; P value<0.001) and hMSH2 (34%; P value<0.05) genes in tumor tissues (Fig 1A). The gene discussed is MLH1; the disease is benign prostatic hyperplasia.