TGFB1 and Chagas disease: TGF-β has been described to participate in processes influencing the development of myocardiopathy that occurs in Chagas disease, including: (a) the invasion process of parasites into host cells; (b) the proliferation of parasites in cardiac fibroblasts and myocytes, their differentiation into trypomastigotes and their death through apoptosis inside the host cells; (c) the regulation of inflammation and immune responses; and (d) the onset of fibrosis and heart remodeling in acute and chronic stages of the disease [revised in 49].