INS and Insulin resistance: Seasonal insulin resistance is associated with elevations in VMH NE and 5HT activities and importantly, infusion of exogenous NE and 5HT to the VMH of seasonal insulin sensitive animals to raise these monoamine levels to those observed in seasonal insulin resistant animals induces marked insulin resistance and beta cell dysfunction [12, 15] and this event has also been observed in non-seasonal animals as well [11].