Taken together, these results indicate that the ERK1/2 and p38 MAPK pathways are possibly involved in the pathological remodeling and impairment of LV function under IH conditions, which may be related to O-GlcNAc modification, since there is an interplay between O-GlcNAcylation and MAPK activation during oxidative stress (1). Here, MAPK3 is linked to isolated hemihyperplasia.