M-CSF, known as a colony stimulating factor 1 (CSF-1), is also a potent chemoattractant for monocytes, which in turn, can produce factors that stimulate proliferation of ovarian tumor cells including interleukin-1 (IL-1), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF). The gene discussed is TNF; the disease is ovarian neoplasm.