TYR and albinism: Tyrosinase function has been studied in the context of clinically significant diseases such as albinism or vitiligo (Chian and Wilgram 1967; Hertz et al. 1977; Betterle et al. 1984; Bowcock and Fernandez-Vina 2012), and tyrosinase dysfunction is responsible for these depigmentation diseases (Spritz et al. 1990; Song et al. 1994; Robert et al. 2003).