TLR3 and brain ischemia: Our study and other studies have shown that postconditioning with TLR2, TLR3, and TLR9 ligands could significantly reduce cerebral ischemic injury [67,80,92], which broadens the role of TLRs in cerebral ischemia and provides a direction for the further research in the protective mechanism of endogenous cerebral ischemia induced by TLR postconditioning.