Our results support the hypothesis that adipocyte secreted factors can enhance prostate cancer cell proliferation, invasion and migration and that these effects can be triggered not only by systemic mediators, such as insulin or cytokines secreted by the inflammatory cells in the adipose tissue, but also by specific and still unidentified adipocyte secreted molecules potentially produced by the interaction of tumor cells and with their microenvironment [14,33,35,38]. The gene discussed is INS; the disease is prostate cancer.