INSR and prostate carcinoma: Nonetheless, the same authors have also suggested that other signaling molecules such as IGF-1, may also be involved in the mechanism of insulin stimulated cell proliferation of prostate carcinoma [39,41], which binds to its own receptor Insulin like growth factor 1 receptor-IGFR but also to the insulin receptor (IR) and thereby activates two routes that promote proliferation [42].