In three patients with acute phase SCLS, Dowden et al. showed that the combination of terbutaline and theophylline had beneficial effects by decreasing capillary permeability if the serum theophylline level was high enough (20 to 25mcg/mL), and that if it did not work, the additional administration of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) antagonist (infliximab) seemed to improve the patient refractory to terbutaline and theophylline [21]. The gene discussed is TNF; the disease is Systemic capillary leak syndrome.