TNF and breast carcinoma: In the current study we found that TNF-α upregulated the inflammatory phenotype of Tumor CM-derived CAFs and patient-derived CAFs, manifested by the increased release of CCL2, CXCL8 and CCL5 which are inflammatory chemokines having strong tumor-promoting activities in general and in breast cancer, particularly when derived from stroma cells [4,21,54-70].