CCL2 and neoplasm: In this respect, inflammatory chemokines such as CCL2 (monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 MCP-1), CXCL8 (IL-8) and CCL5 (RANTES) are of major relevance because they promote aggressiveness in tumor cells, they induce tumor-supporting effects in cells of the TME, and they play direct roles in advancing tumor growth and metastasis in many cancer diseases, including cancer of the breast [21,66-70].