DYRK2 and cancer: In the basal state, two kinases - tyrosine phosphorylation-regulated kinase 2 (DYRK2) and casein kinase 1 (CK1) - phosphorylate NFAT TFs, maintaining them localized to the cytoplasm in an inactive conformation: the nuclear translocation and transcriptional activation of NFAT in cancer cells lead to the induction of genes that promote tumor progression, migration and invasion [24].