VDR and breast carcinoma: Three of these genes (breast cancer 1, early onset (BRCA1), CCAAT/ enhancer binding protein (C/EBP), alpha (CEBPA), and CD58 molecule (CD58)) were detected as DE using the ddCT method while two genes, BUB1 mitotic checkpoint serine/threonine kinase (BUB1) and vitamin D (1,25- dihydroxyvitamin D3) receptor (VDR), were detected as DE by difference in natural log starting copy number (p < 0.05).