Our observations confirm the involvement of inflammatory processes in cholesteatoma and the interaction of several molecules of the innate immunity triggered via pattern recognition receptors such as NOD2 downstream to NF-κB activation and induction of several cytokines such as IL1β or TNFα, which work in concert and thus may regulate the pathogenesis and trigger the progress of acquired cholesteatoma. This evidence concerns the gene NOD2 and cholesteatoma.