TNF and major depressive disorder: In recent years, the role of inflammatory markers has been raised in the chronic course of depression.14 In several studies, the increased level of inflammatory markers, including CRP, TNF-α, IL-1, IL-6 and IL-2R, in depressed subjects as compared with non-depressed subjects was observed.15-17 A cytokine with anti-inflammatory effects such as IL-10 are also linked to acute immune challenge and may be implicated in depression.18,19 Thus, several studies showed that inflammatory cytokines can increase the risk of transplant-related mortality (TRM).