Hafeez et al. observed that delphinidin induced cell growth arrest and caspase-dependent apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner in prostate cancer cells in vitro, by reducing phosphorylation of IκB kinase γ and of NF-κB inhibitory protein IκB-α, and inhibiting NF-κB DNA binding activity. This evidence concerns the gene NFKB1 and prostate carcinoma.