This effect was due to the ability of CUR to: (a) inhibit expression of biomarkers of proliferation (Ki-67) and angiogenesis (CD31); (b) enhance BCG-induced apoptosis; (c) reduce cyclin D1, COX-2, c-myc, Bcl-2, and VEGF expression; and (d) suppress the NF-κB pathway in tumor tissue. The gene discussed is PECAM1; the disease is neoplasm.