Compared to cisplatin or gemcitabine alone, the combination of genistein plus cisplatin or genistein plus gemcitabine more effectively reduced proliferation and increased apoptosis in human pancreatic carcinoma cell lines in vitro and in vivo. Genistein also suppressed cisplatin- and gemcitabine-induced activation of NF-κB in pancreatic carcinoma-bearing mice, suggesting the potential use of this isoflavone as an adjuvant to enhance the effects of chemotherapy in pancreatic cancer [148,149,150]. This evidence concerns the gene NFKB1 and exocrine pancreatic carcinoma.