Because leptin favors the Th1 and Th17 profile and these cells have been associated with autoimmune diseases, such as experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), it is possible that leptin neutralization can, at least partially, protect against the development of transplant rejection, EAE, and other autoimmune diseases, such as type 1 diabetes, lupus, and antigen-induced arthritis [13, 33, 34, 39, 40]. This evidence concerns the gene LEP and systemic lupus erythematosus.