Due to the enormous attention raised by the description of the NLRP3 (NOD-like receptor family, pyrin domain containing 3) inflammasome [112, 113] and by the dramatic response to IL-1β blockers observed in patients with a gain of function mutation for the NLRP3 gene (cryopyrin-associated periodic syndromes (CAPSs)) [114, 115], IL-1β is now considered one of most important proinflammatory cytokines in several inflammatory diseases. The gene discussed is IL1B; the disease is cryopyrin-associated periodic syndrome.