To further test the hypothesis that the effects of FGF19 on glycaemia in T1D rodents are due to suppression of the HPA axis and independent of the length of the fasting time (18 h) (Fig. 4a), we repeated these studies in rats with food withdrawn for only 6 h and treated these T1D animals with a three-fold lower ICV dose of FGF19 (10 μg). Here, FGF19 is linked to type 1 diabetes mellitus.