MAPK3 and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: Herein, we firstly investigated the effects of HGF, IL-6, PDGF, testosterone, TGF, TPA and VEGFC stimulation on VIL2 transcription in ESCC cells, and found that TPA could up-regulate the transcription of VIL2 V1, but not V2, through ERK1/2/AP-1/Sp1 signaling, resulting in the enhancement of cell mobility.