Furthermore, 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA), a tumor promoter, could lead to the malignant transformation of human embryonic esophageal mucosa cells to ESCC cells, in which ezrin was overexpressed obviously, suggesting TPA might be an inducer of VIL2 overexpression in ESCC cells [23,24]. The gene discussed is EZR; the disease is esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.