TNF and diabetes mellitus: A large study examining the salivary concentrations of 1000 adults in southern Sweden for levels of IL-1β, -6, -8, TNF-α, and MMP-8 (similar to inflammatory markers examined in this study) measured increased levels of: (1) IL-8 in subjects with tumor and bowel diseases, (2) MMP-8 in those following cardiac surgery or with diabetes and muscle diseases and (3) IL-1β, -8, and MMP-8 in those having muscle or joint diseases [16].