In a study of 63 patients with AML, STAT3 activation, as determined by STAT3 phosphorylation on Western Blot and DNA-binding activity on electrophoretic mobility shift assay, was present in 44% of patients, where it was associated with a significantly decreased disease-free survival (median 20.6 versus 8.7 months) (69). The gene discussed is STAT3; the disease is acute myeloid leukemia.